About this interactive
Malware is any software intentionally built to cause disruption. A virus is one specific type of malware, defined by how it spreads: it installs itself into other programs, modifying a legitimate executable or a file's code so that the malicious code runs when that program runs. Without a host program to attach to, a virus cannot spread.
The other kinds of malware are not viruses, because they do not infect other programs: ransomware encrypts files for payment, a worm copies itself across the network on its own, spyware collects information, a trojan is disguised as something useful, a keylogger records keystrokes, a rootkit hides an intruder. The lesson's point is that "antivirus" is really anti-malware: it should cover the whole spectrum, not just viruses. To sort a card, ask whether the sample spreads by installing itself into other programs (a virus) or by some other means (other malware).
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