About this interactive
A typical computer is built from separate components on a motherboard: a CPU, a GPU, the BIOS, RAM and storage.
Embedded systems need many of the same components, because they are small computers. But devices keep getting smaller and more specialized, so the computer side has to shrink. A system on a chip (SoC) does that by putting the main parts of a computer onto one integrated circuit, a single chip that looks much like a CPU.
Which parts go on the chip varies. Small microcontroller SoCs carry their memory and storage on the chip. In phones and similar devices, the main memory and storage are often separate chips stacked on or beside the SoC, still far smaller than a motherboard.
To sort a card, ask whether the device needs the computer squeezed into a tiny space, or has room for full-size parts that can be added to or replaced one at a time.
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