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Many technologies use the word snapshot, but the idea is usually the same: instead of making a full second copy, which would take twice the space, freeze a moment in time and track the changes after it. Reading the data then combines the original with the changes.
In VMware, a snapshot freezes the VM's files and writes changes to a separate file. It is for brief backups: take one, try something, then revert or roll the changes in. Leave snapshots too long and the change files slow the machine down.
In AWS, a snapshot of a volume gives you what looks like a copy of a drive.
In Windows, Volume Shadow Copy uses a snapshot so a backup can copy files cleanly even while they are changing.
In general, snapshots are not a long-term solution. A backup is a separate, portable copy.
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