About this interactive
AWS shows both kinds of separation on its map.
Regions: each is a location far from the others, on different continents or in different parts of one. A disaster in one area does not reach another region.
Availability zones: within one region, separate buildings with their own infrastructure, located near each other. They guard against losing a building, but not against everything that can hit the area. Links between them are very fast, which makes failover easy and lets two live sites run side by side.
The further apart the copies, the more delay, which some applications do not handle well. The lesson's suggestion: two live sites in separate zones, load balanced, plus a hot or warm site in another region.
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