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Redundancy belongs everywhere a system depends on something, and that includes the disks that hold its data. RAID combines disks so that, depending on the level, the data is faster, safer, or both.
RAID 1 is mirroring: whatever is written to the first disk is also written to the second, so each holds a complete set of data and either can fail.
RAID 0 is striping: block 1 goes to the first disk, block 2 to the second, and so on. Writes are slow, so splitting them across disks speeds things up, but RAID 0 has no redundancy. Lose any one disk and the data is lost.
RAID 5 stripes the data and adds parity, so any one disk can fail and its data can be recreated. RAID 6 adds a second set of parity, so any two disks can fail. The lesson draws parity on its own drive; in practice RAID 5 and 6 spread the parity across all the disks, using the space of one disk (RAID 5) or two (RAID 6). RAID 5 needs at least three disks and RAID 6 at least four.
RAID 10, or RAID 1+0, stripes across mirrored pairs: block 1 to the first pair, block 2 to the second. Every disk has a duplicate, so it keeps running when a disk fails, with striping's speed. It is only guaranteed to survive one failure: two failures in the same pair lose data.
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