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Once the risks are on a list, risk analysis works out how deep each one goes, so the top risk stands out. The Risk Analysis lesson describes two forms.
Quantitative analysis deals in quantities. Probability is a percent and impact is a dollar amount, and multiplying them gives a dollar figure for the risk: a 10% chance of a $100,000 loss is a $10,000 risk. Annualized loss expectancy is the same idea worked out per year.
Qualitative analysis rates instead of measuring. Likelihood is rated rare, unlikely, possible, likely or certain; impact negligible, minor, moderate, major or severe; or simply low, medium and high. A risk matrix combines the two ratings into a level.
The lesson also separates two words: probability is a number you assign, likelihood is a rating. Most people use them interchangeably.
One trap: a rating scale written as numbers, such as likelihood 4 on a 1 to 5 scale, is still qualitative in Security+ terms, because the 4 is a rating, not a measured percent or dollar amount. The lesson's presenter argues those ratings are really quantitative; Security+ and this activity follow the standard usage.
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